A Family Tree: "Hobbits" and Our Human Ancestry

Read more Read less Homo habilis Science Picture Co./Corbis HOMO HABILISLived in southern and eastern Africa, from 2.4 million to 1.4 million years agoBrain size evidence: About 510 cubic centimetersBelieved to be the first early human species that created and used stone tools. Homo rudolfensis Read more Read less Homo rudolfensis Regis Bossu/Sygma/Corbis HOMO RUDOLFENSISLived in Eastern Africa, about 1.9 million years agoBrain size evidence: About 775 cubic centimetersThere is only one significant fossil of this species from - Homo rudolfensis is believed to have lived in the Lake Turkana basin alongside Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Paranthropus boisei. Homo heidelbergensis Read more Read less Homo heidelbergensis Daniel Naupold/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images HOMO HEIDELBERGENSISLived in Europe, Africa and maybe Asia from about 700,000 to 200,000 years agoBrain size evidence: About 1280 cubic centimetersBelieved to be the first early human to build shelters, live in cold climates and hunt large animals. Homo erectus Read more Read less Homo erectus © Science Picture Co./Corbis HOMO ERECTUSLived in Africa and Asia, between about 1.89 million and 143,000 years ago.Brain size evidence: About 900 cubic centimetersEarly fossil discoveries of Homo erectus began in the 1890's in China and Java.Homo erectus is believed to be one of the longest lived early human species at nine times more than Homo sapiens even. Homo floresiensis Read more Read less Homo floresiensis © Peter Schouten/National Geographic Society/Reuters/Corbis HOMO FLORESIENSISLived in Asia, on the island of Flores, Indonesia, from about 95,000 to 17,000 years agoBrain size evidence: About 400 cubic centimetersH. floresiensis was nicknamed "hobbit" due to its small stature. Fossil remains indicate it was only about 3 feet, 6 inches in height. They had small brains, no chins, receding foreheads and proportionally large feet because of their short legs.Notable fossil finds: "LB-1" was an adult female. She was only about 3.5 feet tall and died at about 30 years old. She is the most complete fossil found to date, discovered on Flores. Homo neanderthalensis Read more Read less Homo Neanderthalensis Horst Ossinger/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images HOMO NEANDERTHALENSISLived in Europe and southwestern to central Asia, between 28,000 and 300,000 years agoBrain size evidence: About 1,500 cubic centimetersH. neanderthalensis had larger brains than Homo sapiens on average.Co-existed with humans until they went extinct about 28,000 years ago. Homo sapien Read more Read less Homo sapien © Science Picture Co./Corbis HOMO SAPIENModern human beings are classified as the species Homo sapien. Homo sapiens evolved about 200,000 years ago out of Africa.Brain size evidence: About 1,300 cubic centimetersHomo sapiens began as hunter gatherers. About 12,000 years ago, Homo sapiens transitioned to producing food and changing and manipulating the environment. More on Cannibal In The Jungle

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